GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies
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description: Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies Journal Title : Gender Equality ISSN : 2548-1959 (online) | 2461-1468 (print) Editor in Chief : Dr. Nashriyah, M.A Managing Editor : Prof. Jarjani Usman, S.Ag., S.S., M.Sc., M.S., Ph.D Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Frequency : 2 issues per year (March and September) GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies is published by Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M), a research center, in cooperation with Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak (PSGA), a center of gender and child studies, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This journal invites research articles in gender, families, children studies, and related areas. This journal is published biannually, in March and September. GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies has been indexed and nationally accredited by Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (KEMENDIKBUDRISTEK), Republik Indonesia (SINTA 2) since 2025. Office Address: PSGA Office, Museum Building UIN Ar-Raniry the 1st floor, E-Mail Address: gender.equality@ar-raniry.ac.id
publisher: UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
language: en
publication name: GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies
issn: 2461-1468
copyright: GENDER EQUALITY: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain the publishing rights without restrictions. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
items: Child support beyond marriage in Islamic law: Revisiting Ibn Taimiyah’s perspective
items: The impact of merarik kode' on women's educational Trajectories in Central Lombok
items: Gendered contributions in Bali’s lontar leaf craft industry: A study of women in Bona Village, Bali
items: Psychosocial factors of participation in family planning to understand context: A case of Chinese communities in an Islamic-based municipality
items: Digital ethics from a gender perspective: Media literacy and the representation of deviant behaviour on social media
items: Inclusive development model: Women farmers and young farmers toward local food security
items: Viral patriarchy: Discursive mechanisms of gender inequality in TikTok Indonesia’s comment sections
items: Family welfare: Relationship with gender roles and wife's income
items: Deconstruction and transformation of gender stereotypes through the role of clerics in the practice of propagation in Aceh: A socio-religious study
items: Parental involvement in safeguarding adolescent mental health: The importance of personality awareness
items: Dayah Diniyah Darussalam: Protecting and economic empowering women and children’s victims of violence
items: Metacognition and modality: Exploring gender disparity in the frequency of vocabulary learning strategies among university ESL students
items: The existential quest for freedom: Resistance and self-determination in Naguib Mahfouz’s Miramar
items: Contesting syari'ah in the feed: Gender performativity, haram profit, and moral crisis among Acehnese digital celebrities
items: The algorithm's gaze: Gender, age, and the structuring of TikTok content consumption patterns in urban Indonesia (A case study in Surabaya)
items: The role of kiai and nyai in grounding the values of al-Qur'an education in rural communities
items: Harmonizing law and faith: The validity of female instrumentaire witnesses in notarial deeds and the principle of gender justice
items: Protective factors in adolescent dating violence: A socio-ecological resilience systematic review
items: Tetangga online: Online communities and the role of urban women in the digital sphere
items: A psychosociospiritual collaborative governance model with marriage guidance to prevent child marriage in Indonesia
items: Educators’ perspectives on nurturing spirituality in faith-based early childhood education: A qualitative study
items: Digital-age PAUD management innovations: Meeting children's needs through technology
items: Claiming land, sustaining life: Feminist political ecology of women’s collective action in Pari Island
items: Santriwati's role in preventing digital violence against women: The KUPI trilogy approach
items: Challenging norms, protecting forests: The agency and negotiation strategies of women rangers in Aceh, Indonesia
items: Exploitation and objectification of women through Video Call Sex practice in radical feminism: The study of the phenomenon in working women
items: From fans to protest: K-Poppers fangirl in digital movement in Indonesia
items: Descriptive analysis of the implementation of gender responsive policies for poverty alleviation in Aceh
items: The social construction of beauty in the digital era: Gen z's interpretation of beauty standards in Jakarta
items: Unveiling the research landscape women and Islamic Sharia in Aceh: A bibliometric review through google scholar indexed journals

Child support beyond marriage in Islamic law: Revisiting Ibn Taimiyah’s perspective
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description: This study explores the obligation of biological fathers to provide financial support for children born outside marriage, focusing on the groundbreaking views of classical jurist Ibn Taimiyah and their relevance to the modern law of child rights adopted in Indonesia. Traditional fiqh generally denies all civil rights of illegitimate children, such as maintenance, inheritance, or guardianship, assigning responsibility for their welfare to the mother or the state. Ibn Taimiyah, however, challenges this consensus by proposing a recognition mechanism (istilhaq) that can establish a paternal bond under specific conditions, with which a certain kind of child support can be imposed on the biological father. Using a juridical-normative approach, this research draws on Ibn Taimiyah’s writings and classical fiqh texts as primary sources, while contemporary journals in Islamic family law and Indonesian legislation are secondary. The findings reveal that Ibn Taimiyah’s concept should be considered progressive, aligns with maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, and emphasizing the protection of children’s socio-economic rights, lineage, and welfare. His ideas resonate with modern legal developments in Indonesia, including the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and MUI Fatwa No. 11/2012. This study argues that integrating Ibn Taimiyah’s insights can contribute to a more equitable and child-centered framework in contemporary Islamic family law.
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creator: Nurasiah Nurasiah
creator: Cek Tanti
creator: Siti Nurheliza
creator: Norsuhaida binti Ce Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurasiah Nurasiah, Cek Tanti, Siti Nurheliza, Norsuhaida binti Ce Musa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 197
ending page: 209
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.34008

The impact of merarik kode' on women's educational Trajectories in Central Lombok
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description: This study analyzes marriage practices within the merarik culture (merarik kode’) among Sasak women in Pejanggik Village, Central Lombok, using the Harvard Gender Analysis Framework and Walby’s theory of patriarchy. The study focuses on understanding how early marriage within this cultural tradition influences women’s educational experiences and gender relations in everyday life. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling to select participants who had experienced marriage through the merarik tradition. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving Sasak women who married at a young age as well as local stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that women who experience merarik kode’ often live within unequal gender relations in which domestic responsibilities are assigned to them despite participation in income-generating activities. Their autonomy and access to resources are restricted, as many decisions require approval from their husbands. In addition, early marriage significantly affects women’s educational trajectories. Many women are forced to drop out of formal schooling, face difficulties in continuing equivalency education, and experience limited access to information and knowledge development. These limitations also influence their capacity in parenting and child education. This study highlights that early marriage within the merarik cultural context contributes to educational inequality and limits women’s opportunities for empowerment and social mobility. Therefore, culturally sensitive educational programs and community-based interventions are needed to increase awareness of women’s education and reduce early marriage practices.
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creator: Pebri Yanasari
creator: Aisyah Pratiwi
creator: Endang Kusniati
creator: Muhammad Saffuan Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pebri Yanasari, Aisyah Pratiwi, Endang Kusniati, Muhammad Saffuan Abdullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 163
ending page: 176
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.33859

Gendered contributions in Bali’s lontar leaf craft industry: A study of women in Bona Village, Bali
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description: The palm leaf craft industry in Bona Village has flourished since the 1950s, coinciding with the popularity of Kecak dance performances. This qualitative research explores women’s involvement and gender-based roles in the industry. Observations and interviews with eight informants revealed a stark division of labor: men generally operate the machines, while women dominate the manual weaving techniques. Women’s roles are crucial at every stage. In the pre-production stage, they collect raw materials. During the production process, women are responsible for washing, cutting, dyeing, and shaping the palm leaves into finished products. In the distribution stage, they distribute their products to local collectors and art markets outside the village. Although not the primary source of income for most families, this industry holds significant economic and social value, contributing to the cultural identity of Bona Village. Balinese women in Bona Village not only fulfill reproductive and socio-religious functions but also play key roles in production, possessing economic sovereignty. These findings confirm the existence of a cultural meritocracy in which women serve as social shock absorbers in the face of crises. Theoretically, this research enriches contextual feminist studies on the relationship between Balinese culture, gender relations, and the household economy. Practically, this study provides recommendations for strengthening women's bargaining power in the traditional crafts industry and recognizing their complex role as drivers of the national economy in the postmodern era.
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creator: Ni Made Anggita Sastri Mahadewi
creator: Nikodemus Niko
creator: I Dewa Ayu Agung Deanti Maheswari
creator: Lulu Kaisa Nafisah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Made Anggita Sastri Mahadewi, Nikodemus Niko, I Dewa Ayu Agung Deanti Maheswari, Lulu Kaisa Nafisah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 46
ending page: 59
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.33287

Psychosocial factors of participation in family planning to understand context: A case of Chinese communities in an Islamic-based municipality
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description: This study examines the historical background of the Chinese community in Banda Aceh, the current implementation of the Family Planning (FP) program, and how the community perceives and understands the program as one of the government’s public welfare initiatives. The research employed a qualitative approach using observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation as the primary data collection techniques. Ten married participants were selected through purposive sampling because they were considered capable of providing relevant and in-depth information in terms of specific characteristics, experiences, or knowledge relevant to family planning practices within the Chinese community. The findings reveal that the Chinese community in Banda Aceh perceives family planning not merely as a method to limit births, but as a strategy for navigating familial relationships and achieving enduring well-being. Many families view FP as an investment to enhance their quality of life, especially by ensuring children's education and household economic stability. This perspective reflects cultural values that emphasize careful future planning and the continuity of family businesses. Consequently, some participants prefer long-term contraceptive methods such as implants because they are considered practical and compatible with demanding work schedules in trade and business activities. The study also reveals that reproductive decisions are influenced by religious teachings, ancestral traditions, and social environments. Buddhist and Confucian beliefs generally support responsible parenting and do not prohibit birth regulation. However, traditional expectations regarding lineage continuity, especially the preference for sons, still shape reproductive decisions among many families.
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creator: Sa'i Sa'i
creator: Khairiah Syahabuddin
creator: Cut Intan Salasiah
creator: Abdul Manan
creator: Omolola Aina Ladele
creator: Maulida Maulida
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sa'i Sa'i, Khairiah Syahabuddin, Cut Intan Salasiah, Abdul Manan, Omolola Aina Ladele, Maulida Maulida http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 147
ending page: 162
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.33276

Digital ethics from a gender perspective: Media literacy and the representation of deviant behaviour on social media
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description: This study aims to analyse digital literacy among social media users from a gender perspective. The rapid development of communication technology, particularly the emergence of social media, has transformed human interaction from limited offline spaces into boundless online environments. On the one hand, this transformation enables individuals to connect with a wider audience and access vast amounts of information. On the other hand, it has also given rise to various issues, including violations of digital ethics, the spread of misinformation, and the presence of deviant behaviours on social media platforms. Strong digital literacy is essential to prevent the normalization of such deviations, particularly those related to gender issues in digital spaces, in order to foster a healthier online environment. Users are expected to critically evaluate misinformation, reject gender bias, and contribute to creating safe and ethical social media spaces. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, examining social media phenomena and conducting interviews with 32 participants. The findings indicate that participants actively reject gender-related deviant content by reporting inappropriate accounts, maintaining their privacy, and critically assessing circulating content. Furthermore, this study recommends strengthening digital literacy through ethical awareness, mental health considerations, and balanced social media usage. Users are encouraged to engage with social media according to their needs, avoid excessive use, and report content containing elements of deviance, including gender-related deviations.
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creator: Syahril Furqany
creator: Hasan Sazali
creator: Khatibah Khatibah
creator: Muhamad Shamsul bin Ibrahim
creator: Almuntarizi Almuntarizi
creator: Khairul Azmy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syahril Furqany, Hasan Sazali, Khatibah Khatibah, Muhamad Shamsul bin Ibrahim, Almuntarizi Almuntarizi, Khairul Azmy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 177
ending page: 196
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.33037

Inclusive development model: Women farmers and young farmers toward local food security
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description: This study aims to develop an inclusive agricultural development model to increase the participation of marginalized women farmers and young farmers in Nagan Raya Regency. This region is one of the nation’s food baskets, however the food security index has not been optimized with the targets set by the National Food Security Agency. Inclusive agricultural research relies on synergy between local governments and local communities which has not yet been integrated or specific. Therefore this study focuses on classifying groups of women farmers and young farmers who in an inclusive manner leverage local potential to achieve sustainable development goals. Data were analyzed using an inductive qualitative approach through data reduction verification and conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that an inclusive development model can be implemented through promoting female farmers’ participation and involving young farmers in transforming local resources in Nagan Raya Regency. The implementation of inclusive agriculture embraces the principle of empowering farmers’ resources within environmentally economically and socially oriented frameworks to enhance sustainable food security. Furthermore, the inclusive development model aims to achieve a green society a green economy and inclusive growth by strengthening the participation of women farmers and young farmers working together to support local food security. The implications of this research help classify the roles of various actors in achieving development priorities in agriculturally based regions of Nagan Raya and improving the regional food security index.
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creator: Nellis Mardhiah
creator: Agus Pratama
creator: Putri Kemala Sari
creator: Agatha Debby Reiza Macella
creator: Noka Omalia
creator: Jumadil Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nellis Mardhiah, Agus Pratama, Putri Kemala Sari, Agatha Debby Reiza Macella , Noka Omalia, Jumadil Saputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 96
ending page: 116
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.32563

Viral patriarchy: Discursive mechanisms of gender inequality in TikTok Indonesia’s comment sections
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description: Social media has become a crucial space for producing and disseminating social narratives, including issues of gender inequality and sexuality. TikTok is one of the most popular platforms in Indonesia, widely used by the younger generation. Although studies on gender and digital media generally focus on the representation of women in online content, there remains a limited body of research examining how patriarchal values are reproduced through users’ discursive interactions in social media comment sections. This study analyzes the representation of gender inequality in narratives of sexuality on TikTok Indonesia, focusing on netizens’ responses to content related to gender issues. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis of comments on 10 selected TikTok videos. The findings reveal three main patterns of netizen responses. First, rejection of feminism manifested through misconceptions, stereotypes, and justifications of injustice based on biological and religious arguments. Second, limited support emphasizing principles of human rights and gender equality. Third, ambivalence that nominally accepts equality while maintaining the status quo in social practice. The analysis also identified four mechanisms for reproducing inequality: traditional gender role division, double standards in evaluating sexual behavior, denial of the objectification of women, and the reinforcement of gender hierarchies through narratives of natural order. These narratives are often conveyed through casual language, humor, or religious claims that normalize gender bias. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening digital gender literacy and multistakeholder collaboration to create a more inclusive and gender-sensitive social media ecosystem.
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creator: Muhammad Nurullah Erfany
creator: Riky Arista
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nurullah Erfany, Riky Arista http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 130
ending page: 146
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.32371

Family welfare: Relationship with gender roles and wife's income
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description: The family represents the smallest unit within a society or a nation, generally consisting of parents and children whose marital status is legally recognized. Within the family structure, roles and responsibilities are distributed based on gender. This division of tasks aims to support the overall achievement of the family’s goals. This study investigates the negotiation of gender roles and economic welfare within dual-earner families, specifically analyzing how disproportionate female income contributions correlate with domestic task distribution and household prosperity levels. This research employed a survey method with a sample of 85 dual-earner families randomly selected from a total population of 109 families. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods and statistically tested with the Fisher Exact Test. The results indicate that domestic responsibilities are predominantly handled by wives, while public or social activities are performed jointly by both husbands and wives. Moreover, in 96.4% of the families, more than half of the total household income comes from the wives’ earnings. The majority of families, totaling 80 households (94.2%), are classified as first-level prosperous families, while the remaining 5 families (5.8%) fall into the pre-prosperous category. According to the World Bank classification, 3 families (3.6%) are in the extreme poverty category, 65 families (76.4%) are in the lower-middle-income group, and 17 families (20%) are categorized as upper-middle-income.
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creator: Fuad Hasyim
creator: Agus Salim
creator: Yuanita Yuanita
creator: Bahren Bahren
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fuad Hasyim, Agus Salim, Yuanita Yuanita, Bahren Bahren http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 33
ending page: 45
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.32254

Deconstruction and transformation of gender stereotypes through the role of clerics in the practice of propagation in Aceh: A socio-religious study
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description: Ulama in Aceh face significant challenges in integrating gender perspectives into their da'wah practices. The dominance of patriarchal culture and limited gender literacy often leads to the reinforcement rather than the deconstruction of gender stereotypes. This study employs a socio-religious approach to examine how ulama, as central figures in society, simultaneously sustain and contest social constructions that restrict gender roles—using qualitative methods including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of da'wah documents. The study finds that da'wah narratives frequently reproduce socially and religiously legitimized gender stereotypes. Nevertheless, some ulama have initiated efforts to challenge these norms by offering more inclusive and gender-just interpretations, aligning with the spirit of rahmatan lil 'alamin. The findings suggest ulama's role extends beyond preserving traditional values to acting as agents of change who can facilitate social transformation through gender-responsive da'wah. Achieving such a transformation requires synergy between ulama, communities, and progressive socio-religious policies to balance religious principles with social justice. This study underscores the importance of continuous dialogue and collaboration among ulama, educational institutions, and women's rights advocates to promote inclusivity within religious contexts. By integrating gender-sensitive approaches into religious discourse and curricula, sustainable progress toward equality can be fostered. Ultimately, the research emphasises that ulama's engagement in these efforts is vital for building a more inclusive, equitable society in Aceh and potentially beyond.
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creator: Jasafat Jasafat
creator: Soijah Likin
creator: Syamira Balqis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jasafat Jasafat, Soijah Likin, Syamira Balqis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 316
ending page: 329
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.32195

Parental involvement in safeguarding adolescent mental health: The importance of personality awareness
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description: Adolescents (ages 10–19) face rising mental health challenges globally, including high rates of depression and anxiety. Research suggests that active parental involvement significantly improves adolescents psychological outcomes. For example, a recent meta-analysis found that treatments involving parents yielded better results than youth-only interventions. At the same time, stable personality traits influence adolescents’ vulnerability to mental health problems. High neuroticism predicts more depressive symptoms, whereas extraversion and conscientiousness often predict fewer depressive symptoms. However, the role of personality awareness—parents’ understanding of their adolescents’ individual personality profile—has been underexplored. This conceptual study employs a comprehensive literature review approach to explore the interrelated roles of parental engagement and sensitivity to adolescent personality in collaboratively supporting, promoting, and safeguarding the mental health and psychological well-being of adolescents. We find that (1) parental emotional support and authoritative parenting serve as protective factors; (2) many Indonesian youths report experiencing depression and desiring greater parental understanding; (3) personality-tailored support (e.g., recognizing a shy adolescent’s need for gentle communication) could improve outcomes; and (4) integrated programs involving parents in psychoeducation are recommended. These findings suggest that systematically training parents to recognize, understand, and respect their adolescents’ unique personalities significantly enhances the overall effectiveness and benefits of parental involvement. Concretely, community and school initiatives should include parent-focused components on adolescent personality and mental health. An empathetic parenting approach, based on knowledge of each adolescent's unique personality, can be a key element and important strategy for promoting adolescent well-being.
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creator: Ariz Taufiqurrahman
creator: Salami Mahmud
creator: Fatmawati Fadli
creator: Syatria Adymas Pranajaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ariz Taufiqurrahman, Salami Mahmud, Fatmawati Fadli, Syatria Adymas Pranajaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 18
ending page: 32
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.32144

Dayah Diniyah Darussalam: Protecting and economic empowering women and children’s victims of violence
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description: Dayah Diniyah, led by Ummi Hanisah, is concerned with the issue of protecting women and children’s victims of violence. The purpose of this study is to determine how Dayah Diniyah Darussalam maintains its existence as a center for protection, economic empowerment, and handling of women and children’s victims of violence and to know the challenges and obstacles faced by Dayah Diniyah Darussalam, West Aceh in providing protection, treatment, and economic empowerment to women and children victims of violence. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show; In addition to religious knowledge, Dayah Diniyah Darussalam also teaches economic independence through gardening, catfish and bee farming, bamboo crafts and screen printing so that survivors become independent and self-sufficient. The challenges faced include, firstly, the negative stigma against Dayah, which is considered a place to accommodate people with problems. Secondly, bullying is still experienced against economic empowerment activities carried out because it is considered a dayah for growing vegetables, not a dayah for reciting the Koran. Thirdly, there is not yet maximum support from the government regarding ecological-based economic empowerment activities. Fourthly, the desire to introduce an Ecological Curriculum or Environmental Fiqh in the Dayah curriculum has not been realized. Fifthly, there is no permanent psychologist available to handle the victims. Sixthly, there is no fixed budget, as most of the funding comes from donations and charity given by generous people.
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creator: Mellyan Mellyan
creator: Junaidi Junaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mellyan Mellyan, Junaidi Junaidi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 83
ending page: 95
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.32064

Metacognition and modality: Exploring gender disparity in the frequency of vocabulary learning strategies among university ESL students
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description: Vocabulary plays a crucial role in second language acquisition, and effective vocabulary learning strategies can significantly enhance language proficiency. However, while various strategies have been studied extensively, the influence of gender on vocabulary learning preferences remains insufficiently explored. This study addresses that gap by examining the types of vocabulary learning strategies used by male and female students in the English Language Education Department and analysing how these strategies are implemented in their learning processes. The purpose of this study, which employed a mixed-method approach using quantitative and qualitative techniques, is to identify the dominant strategies used by each gender and determine whether significant differences exist between male and female learners in their approach to vocabulary development. Thirty students (15 males and 15 females) participated by completing a vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire, followed by in-depth interviews with three male and three female students to gain richer insights into their practical strategy use. The results indicate that both male and female students predominantly use metacognitive strategies to build their vocabulary. Female students, however, consistently showed higher engagement across all five categories of strategies: metacognitive, determination, social, memory, and cognitive. Interview responses supported these findings and revealed that both genders commonly utilized strategies such as watching movies, reading, practicing speaking, and group discussions. Interestingly, only male students reported using vocabulary games as a learning tool. This study contributes to the field of second language learning by highlighting gender-based tendencies in strategy use, which can help educators design more inclusive and effective teaching approaches.
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creator: Khairiah Syahabuddin
creator: Sa'i Sa'i
creator: Alfiatunnur Alfiatunnur
creator: Nashriyah Nashriyah
creator: Ricky Sriyanda
creator: Tijan Al-Darary
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Khairiah Syahabuddin, Sa’i Sa’i, Alfiatunnur Alfiatunnur, Nashriyah Nashriyah, Ricky Sriyanda, Tijan Al-Darary http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 286
ending page: 300
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.32046

The existential quest for freedom: Resistance and self-determination in Naguib Mahfouz’s Miramar
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description: This study analyzes Naguib Mahfouz’s novel Miramar through the lens of existential feminism, focusing on the character of Zahra representing a young woman who struggles to free herself from the social, psychological, and cultural constraints that limit her freedom. This research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach by examining Zahra’s actions, dialogues, internal monologues, and character development throughout the story. Simone de Beauvoir’s existential feminist theory is applied to explore themes of freedom, self-determination, and resistance against patriarchal hegemony. The findings reveal that Zahra’s rejection of an arranged marriage, her courage to leave her hometown, and her commitment to working at the Miramar pension symbolizes her existential struggle. Zahra also faces intimidation, discrimination, and harassment from male characters, yet she continues to maintain her dignity and control over her life. This underscores her struggle to gain bodily autonomy, identity, and a future of her own. By depicting Zahra’s determination to achieve economic independence and personal development, Mahfouz offers a social critique of gender inequality and the restricted roles of women in post-revolutionary Egyptian society. This study concludes that Miramar is not merely a portrait of Zahra’s personal conflict but also a powerful commentary on class, identity, and women’s struggle to create the meaning of their own lives. The study highlights the relevance of existential feminism in understanding the dynamics of women’s freedom and resistance in modern literature.
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creator: Anshar Zulhelmi
creator: Siti Aminah
creator: Hasanuddin Tosimpak
creator: Khairul Rifqi
creator: Luthfi Muhyiddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anshar Zulhelmi, Siti Aminah, Hasanuddin Tosimpak, Khairul Rifqi, Luthfi Muhyiddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 274
ending page: 285
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.32003

Contesting syari'ah in the feed: Gender performativity, haram profit, and moral crisis among Acehnese digital celebrities
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description: The purpose of this study is to examine the controversy surrounding content produced by feminine male Instagram celebrities in Aceh, being perceived to conflict with the region's cultural and religious values. These influencers create content by dressing in women's clothing, using feminine accessories, and adopting female speech patterns. Despite this, their endorsements are widely used by businesses in Aceh, including by a local university. This shows that the feminine brand they have cultivated has successfully attracted an audience, even though the content itself contradicts established cultural and religious values. The content is fully commodified to gain financial profit. The method used in this research was virtual ethnography with four levels of data analysis: media space, media documents, media objects, and experiences. Additional data were obtained through interviews with two cultural figures and two religious leaders to strengthen the findings. The results of the study indicated that the content uploaded by these feminine male celebrities undermines Acehnese cultural values and violates Islamic religious values. The content shows a shift in original gender roles from male to female. This phenomenon of feminine male content is considered an identity crisis among Instagram celebrities, who can influence others through the content they produce. From a religious perspective, this content can damage the foundation of life, as seen in the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad that prohibits men from dressing and appearing as women. Furthermore, the financial profits obtained are considered haram (unlawful) because the process of earning the money is not permitted by Islam.
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creator: Hanifah Nurdin
creator: Syukur Kholil
creator: Farhan Indra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hanifah Nurdin, Syukur Kholil, Farhan Indra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 257
ending page: 273
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.32002

The algorithm's gaze: Gender, age, and the structuring of TikTok content consumption patterns in urban Indonesia (A case study in Surabaya)
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description: TikTok was one of the fastest-growing social media platforms in Indonesia, particularly among Gen Z and millennials. This article aimed to analyze the role of the TikTok algorithm in shaping content consumption patterns based on gender and age. The study employed a qualitative approach using two main techniques. First, content analysis was conducted on 200 popular videos appearing on the For You Page to identify thematic tendencies. Second, in-depth interviews were carried out with 30 active users in Surabaya (15 women and 15 men), selected purposively based on the intensity of their usage and the diversity of their backgrounds. These findings were complemented with data from two audiences’ insight platforms revealing fluctuating gender distribution among TikTok users in Indonesia. At certain periods, women dominated the user base, while at other times, men accounted for a higher percentage. This dynamic indicated that the TikTok algorithm was responsive not only to individual preferences but also to demographic shifts. The results showed that women were more likely to consume lifestyle, beauty, and aesthetic-related content, whereas men more frequently engaged with humor, sports, and technology. The novelty of this study lay in the finding that Gen Z demonstrated flexibility in crossing gender stereotypes; for instance, women actively engaged with technology content, while men were interested in beauty-related content. Thus, the TikTok algorithm functioned both to reinforce gender- and age-based preferences and to provide space for identity negotiation within the digital cultural sphere. This study contributed to gender, technology, and social media studies in Indonesia.
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creator: Suharnanik Suharnanik
creator: Endrayana Putut Laksminto Emanuel
creator: Asia Ashfaq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Suharnanik Suharnanik, Endrayana Putut Laksminto Emanuel, Asia Ashfaq http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 242
ending page: 256
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.31980

The role of kiai and nyai in grounding the values of al-Qur'an education in rural communities
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description: Qur'an education has a fundamental role in shaping the character of rural communities. In Indonesia, this central role is carried out collaboratively by kiai and nyai. This article aims to analyze their dual role in grounding the values of the Qur'an, that is, transforming it into a practical guideline for life. The background of this research departs from the lack of literature that comprehensively examines the role of nyai, which is often overlooked, despite its very vital contribution to the education of women and children. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies in Godog village, Laren District, Lamongan Regency. The results of the study show (1) the collaborative role of Kiai and Nyai. They carry out complementary roles. The kiai, as a formal leader, is responsible for the teaching of theoretical sciences such as tafsir and fiqh. Meanwhile, Nyai focuses on informal education, teaching the reading and writing of the Qur’an. The collaboration creates a holistic education system. (2) Customary teaching methods in Qur'an Education: Qur'an education carried out by kiai and nyai in rural taklim assemblies has a prominent characteristic. (3) The impact of kiai and nyai on the morality and character of the community. The impact can be seen from the formation of an honest, tolerant, and simple community character. This study concludes that the synergy of kiai and nyai is the key to the success of Qur'an education in rural areas.
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creator: Zainal Arifin
creator: Vivid Rohmaniyah
creator: Salami Mahmud
creator: Muhammad Hanif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zainal Arifin, Vivid Rohmaniyah, Salami Mahmud, Muhammad Hanif http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 117
ending page: 129
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.31970

Harmonizing law and faith: The validity of female instrumentaire witnesses in notarial deeds and the principle of gender justice
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description: The issue of female instrumentary witnesses in notarial deeds is significant due to differing perspectives between Indonesian positive law and Islamic law. The Notary Office Act (UUJN) does not differentiate witnesses based on gender, as long as they are adults, legally competent, and independent. In contrast, some classical Islamic views consider women’s testimony in muamalah matters to be worth half that of men, as stated in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 282. This raises questions regarding the validity of notarial deeds involving female instrumentary witnesses. This study employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual approach through library research, including UUJN, the Qur’an, classical exegesis, and academic literature. The analysis is qualitative with deductive reasoning, comparing positive legal norms and Islamic law, while also interpreting their relevance through the principle of maqashid al-shari‘ah. The findings show that under Indonesian positive law, a notarial deed remains valid even with female witnesses, since the key requirement lies in legal competence rather than gender. Meanwhile, classical Islamic law restricts women’s testimony, but contemporary interpretations grounded in maqashid al-shari‘ah emphasize justice and equality, thereby granting women equal standing in giving testimony. In conclusion, the use of female instrumentary witnesses in notarial deeds does not contradict Indonesian positive law or contemporary Islamic legal principles. This study highlights the importance of harmonizing national law and Islamic law so that Indonesia’s legal system can be more responsive to justice and gender equality values.
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creator: Basri Effendi
creator: Auzan Qasthary
creator: Muhammad Akbar Angkasa
creator: Chadijah Rizki Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Basri Effendi, Auzan Qasthary, Muhammad Akbar Angkasa, Chadijah Rizki Lestari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 231
ending page: 241
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.31950

Protective factors in adolescent dating violence: A socio-ecological resilience systematic review
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description: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a global issue that seriously impacts the psychological and social well-being of adolescents. To date, scientific literature tends to highlight risk factors, while protective factors that can prevent adolescent involvement in ADV are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify, classify, and analyze protective factors in previous studies on ADV in adolescents using Michael Ungar's (2011) socio-ecological resilience framework, which includes seven indicators. The study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Analysis (SLA) method, with data collected from six academic databases (SCOPUS, EBSCO, Cambridge University Press, Taylor & Francis, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar). Of the 711 initial documents, 13 eligible articles were selected for thematic analysis and classified based on Ungar's seven resilience indicators. The results showed that social support from peers, family, and teachers was the most consistent protective factor. This finding was followed by school-based interventions, including emotional intelligence, cultural attachments such as familismo (family cohesion), and meaningful communication with parents, as well as social norms that support collective action against violence. This study revealed that adolescent resilience to ADV is multidimensional and is formed through the interaction between individual capacity and their social environment. Preventive interventions should adopt a holistic approach that emphasizes strengthening support structures, promoting education about healthy relationships, and fostering cultural inclusivity. This study provides a conceptual foundation for ADV prevention policies and programs that are responsive to the socio-ecological context of adolescents.
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creator: Salsabila Humaira
creator: Nurliana Cipta Apsari
creator: Budi Muhammad Taftazani
creator: Nurul Husna
creator: Aniza Nazamuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Salsabila Humaira, Nurliana Cipta Apsari, Budi Muhammad Taftazani, Nurul Husna, Aniza Nazamuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 60
ending page: 82
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.31817

Tetangga online: Online communities and the role of urban women in the digital sphere
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description: The growth of internet-based home décor communities has introduced new forms of digitally mediated social interaction within contemporary urban society. In Indonesia, studies on women-centered online communities have predominantly focused on fandom or religious groups, leaving domesticity-based digital communities relatively underexplored. This study is aimed at examining the meaning of the term “tetangga online” and to analyze how domesticity, online visibility, and identity negotiation are constructed among urban women in digital environments. Employing a qualitative design with a digital ethnography approach, this research focuses on the Home Decor Tour Indonesia (HDTI) community on Instagram. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six participants and observations of interaction patterns in captions and comment sections, including the analysis of 68 featured homeowners’ posts. The findings reveal that “tetangga online” represents a culturally embedded form of digital neighbourliness that recontextualizes traditional neighborhood interactions into the online sphere. Furthermore, the online display of domestic spaces through home décor practices functions as a strategic medium for women to negotiate their roles within patriarchal social structures while gaining social recognition, solidarity, and potential economic opportunities. This study contributes theoretically by introducing “tetangga online” as an emic concept of digital neighbourliness distinctive to Indonesian urban online communities.
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creator: Dyah Esti Sihanani
creator: Agustinus Alexander Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dyah Esti Sihanani, Agustinus Alexander Sinaga http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.22373/equality.v12i1.31716

A psychosociospiritual collaborative governance model with marriage guidance to prevent child marriage in Indonesia
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description: The high prevalence of child marriage in Indonesia has become a pressing issue, not only at the national but also at the global level. Preventive efforts require a collaborative and multi-faceted approach that goes beyond legal regulations and incorporates social, psychological, spiritual dimensions, as well as marriage guidance. This article aims to explore a collaborative psychosocial-spiritual governance model that integrates marriage guidance in the prevention of child marriage in Indonesia. This research was conducted using an exploratory qualitative approach in Jombok Village, Trenggalek, East Java, and Woro Village, Rembang, Central Java. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with various stakeholders including government officials, religious leaders, local psychologists and cultural figures, local activists, NGOs, as well as couples/families experiencing child marriage. The research results indicate that social innovation for preventing child marriage is implemented through the principles of collaborative governance based on a psychosocial-spiritual approach, with multi-level involvement from villages, sub-districts, to districts. Education, mentoring, and marriage counseling programs are carried out in stages, encompassing social assistance based on child protection, psychological support, and strengthening religious values. This approach demonstrates that effective prevention strategies are not only focused on formal regulations but also on value transformation, community capacity building, and creating an ecosystem that supports children's rights. The overall efforts aim at preventing child marriage in a more holistic, inclusive, gender-just manner, and contextualized with the local values of Indonesian society.
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creator: Ningsih Fadhilah
creator: Kustini Kustini
creator: Siti Atieqoh
creator: Rita Pranawati
creator: Andi Muhammad Ridha Rahmatullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ningsih Fadhilah, Kustini Kustini, Siti Atieqoh, Rita Pranawati, Andi Muhammad Ridha Rahmatullah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 301
ending page: 315
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.31693

Educators’ perspectives on nurturing spirituality in faith-based early childhood education: A qualitative study
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description: Early childhood educators, especially in faith-based institutions, need to have a deep understanding of children's spirituality in order to design and respond to spiritual experiences that arise spontaneously. This study aimed to explore the personal insights and experiences of educators regarding spirituality, as well as their understanding and approaches in fostering spirituality among young children. A qualitative research design was employed, guided by three key questions. The sample included nine educators from a faith-based early childhood program in Kudus, Central Java, specifically involved with 3 and 4-year-olds in class A, which consisted of three classes. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Findings indicated that the personal insights and experiences of educators play a pivotal role in boosting children's spirituality. Consequently, there are significant opportunities to support educators in their own development and to provide relevant information regarding children's spirituality. Based on the findings, it is suggested that to effectively nurture children's spirituality, educators should cultivate their own sense of personal spirituality, which entails having experienced spiritual events in their own lives essentially spiritual formation. Additionally, educators must possess the knowledge and skills to reflect on their spirituality and effectively integrate these experiences with their early childhood teaching methodologies in order to create meaningful spiritual opportunities for children. The study recommends enhancing the competencies of educators in promoting the spirituality of young children. This research contributes valuable insights into the understanding of spirituality within religious-affiliated early childhood education settings.
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creator: Aisyah Durrotun Nafisah
creator: Yusuf Maronta
creator: Nilamsari Kusumawati Putri
creator: Luo Yuanhong
creator: Hanifa Rachman
creator: Nur Aeni Muhlisa Dhafet
creator: Rifqizaqia Rozaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aisyah Durrotun Nafisah, Yusuf Maronta, Nilamsari Kusumawati Putri, Luo Yuanhong, Hanifa Rachman, Nur Aeni Muhlisa Dhafet, Rifqizaqia Rozaan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 201
ending page: 213
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.30492

Digital-age PAUD management innovations: Meeting children's needs through technology
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description: Management innovations in Early childhood education programs or the so called PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) management based on children's needs in the digital era have become very relevant for improving the quality of early childhood education. Technological developments provide opportunities for educational institutions to adapt learning methods that are more interactive and appropriate to children's developmental needs. This research explored the implementation of technology-based management innovations at PAUD Plamboyan 3, West Karawang, and evaluated their impact on children's learning and parental involvement. The study aims to determine the implementation of technology-based management innovations and to identify their effects on the learning process, parental involvement, and curriculum management. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. This qualitative research employs a case study method, with data collected through observations. The sample in this interview consisted of one school principal, five teachers, ten parents, and documents related to technology integration in learning. The research results show that using technology, such as learning applications and e-learning platforms, increases children's learning motivation and strengthens parental involvement in children's education. Curriculum management tailored to children's needs also supports children's cognitive, social, and motoric development. However, some parents need attention to challenges related to limited access to technology at home. This research is essential for the development of PAUD in the digital era by emphasizing the importance of teacher training, increasing access to technology, and the active role of parents in supporting children's learning process.
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creator: Ade Ismail Fahmi
creator: Didin Nurul Rosidin
creator: Anda Juanda
creator: Abdul Karim
creator: Maftuhah Dewi
creator: Vasavvi Acharjya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ade Ismail Fahmi, Didin Nurul Rosidin, Anda Juanda, Abdul Karim, Maftuhah Dewi, Vasavvi Acharjya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 154
ending page: 169
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.30035

Claiming land, sustaining life: Feminist political ecology of women’s collective action in Pari Island
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description: This article examines women’s collective action against land grabbing on Pari Island, Jakarta Bay, through the framework of Feminist Political Ecology (FPE). Land grabbing in Indonesia’s coastal areas often marginalises local communities, with women disproportionately affected due to their reliance on land and marine resources for subsistence and livelihoods. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with four women from the Women’s Group in Pari Island. The findings show that women’s struggles extended beyond direct protest to include the development of gendered ecological knowledge—such as vegetable gardening and mangrove planting—and grassroots activism through arisan, beach management, and solidarity networks. These are transforming everyday ecological labour into claims over space, rights, and justice. Despite persistent challenges—restrictive gender norms, criminalisation, stigma, and the lack of generational succession—women secured small but significant victories. These included the Ombudsman’s recognition of maladministration, political support from the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, and local economic strengthening through community-based tourism. The study emphasises the importance of integrating gender perspectives into the analysis of coastal land conflicts and calls for greater institutional support for women’s leadership, education, and advocacy in sustainable resource governance.
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creator: Shanti Ayu Prawitasari
creator: Hariati Sinaga
creator: Verna Dinah Q. Viajar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shanti Ayu Prawitasari, Hariati Sinaga, Verna Dinah Q. Viajar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 214
ending page: 230
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.30752

Santriwati's role in preventing digital violence against women: The KUPI trilogy approach
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description: Violence against women in the digital space was common, including digital harassment, defamation on social media, and other forms. Santriwati, as part of the women's community in pesantren, had a crucial role in addressing this issue. This study aims to analyze the role of female students in overcoming digital-based violence against women using the KUPI (Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia) trilogy approach at the Al-Hikam Pesantren. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Data collection used participatory observation, interviews, and documentation. For the informant, the female guardians, the female student organization administrators, and several female students, because they were most knowledgeable about the research focus. The documents obtained included the female student organization's work program for preventing digital-based violence against women. The results, the santriwati's role in overcoming violence against women using the KUPI trilogy approach, namely santriwati as agents of pioneering good content in the digital world (ma'ruf), santriwati together with santri act as partners in the digital world (mubadalah), and santriwati as drivers of social justice in the digital world (keadilan hakiki). The novelty in the study was the concept of "Mbak Santri Cantik Jelita" as a concept for increasing the role of santriwati in preventing digital-based violence against women. The concept embodied in several pesantren's programs, theoretically has implications for the development of role theory and practically can become a role model, namely santriwati who have intelligence, ethics, and insight in innovating and using digital media for digital-based prevention of violence against women in other pesantren.
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creator: Siti Mutholingah
creator: Anas Tania Januari
creator: Mowafg Masuwd
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Mutholingah, Anas Tania Januari, Mowafg Masuwd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 187
ending page: 200
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.30382

Challenging norms, protecting forests: The agency and negotiation strategies of women rangers in Aceh, Indonesia
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description: This research analyzes the strategic agency of Mpu Uteun, a women-led conservation group in Aceh, Indonesia, that emerged in response to severe environmental degradation within a patriarchal social context. Grounded in the theoretical framework of women's agency and empowerment, this research examines the negotiation mechanisms that these female forest guardians employ across multiple spheres—domestic, communal, economic, and state—to legitimize their roles in environmental governance as they navigate socio-cultural barriers. Conducted within a qualitative design, this research employed secondary data examined through thematic narrative analysis. The findings revealed that the agency of Mpu Uteun is rooted in a collective experience of ecological disaster, which motivates proactive conservation measures such as forest patrols, reforestation, and disaster mitigation. The group's success hinges on sophisticated negotiation strategies: they renegotiated domestic roles to accommodate public activism, navigate communal resistance through inclusive tactics and non-confrontational approaches toward illegal loggers, and, crucially, secure formal legitimacy from the state by obtaining a customary forest management permit. This research concludes that Mpu Uteun exemplifies an effective model of community-based conservation while fundamentally transforming the gendered landscape of natural resource governance. Thus, this research advances understanding of women’s environmental agency, demonstrating how strategic negotiation dismantles patriarchal barriers and informs inclusive conservation policy.
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creator: Rizkika Lhena Darwin
creator: Melly Masni
creator: Bobby Rahman
creator: Cut Dian Fitri
creator: Anna Christi Suwardi
creator: Nabila Amira Septiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rizkika Lhena Darwin, Melly Masni, Bobby Rahman, Cut Dian Fitri, Anna Christi Suwardi, Nabila Amira Septiana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 170
ending page: 186
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.30059

Exploitation and objectification of women through Video Call Sex practice in radical feminism: The study of the phenomenon in working women
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description: The exploitation and objectification of women are issues that develop across various aspects of life, including the digital realm. From a radical feminist perspective, the phenomenon of Video Call Sex arises due to the rapid advancement of digital technology, leading to increased exploitation of women. This practice commodifies women's bodies to fulfill men's sexual desires. This study aims to analyze the forms of exploitation and objectification experienced by women in Video Call Sex practices. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological perspective was used. Data collection techniques included interviews and participatory observations. The research subjects were women with direct experience in Video Call Sex who were willing to openly share their personal experiences. The study involved three informants, and data collection continued until no new information was found. The study’s findings reveal that: (1) Women are reduced to sexual objects controlled by men, either as clients or as request regulators. (2) There is a power imbalance between men and women, as women are in a vulnerable position in responding to client demands. These findings indicate that women in Video Call Sex practices face not only economic exploitation but also structural oppression that sustains gender inequality. The novelty of this research lies in its in-depth analysis of how digital technology reinforces the exploitation of women within a radical feminist framework and how this practice contributes to the expanding patriarchal system in the digital era.
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creator: Risma Auliana Devi
creator: Ahmad Ridwan
creator: Anggaunita Kiranantika
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Risma Auliana Devi, Ahmad Ridwan, Anggaunita Kiranantika
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 98
ending page: 108
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i1.28287

From fans to protest: K-Poppers fangirl in digital movement in Indonesia
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description: K-Poppers were one of the groups that were present when protests regarding the Omnibus Law surfaced in 2020, especially on social media such as Twitter. K-Pop fans, otherwise known as fandom, raised the #TolakOmnibusLaw movement on social media platforms including Twitter. This study specifically discusses fangirls, or female fan groups, who dominate K-Poppers accounts in Indonesia and their activism in voicing and supporting #TolakOmnibusLaw. Fangirls are often stigmatized by society and the mass media as irrational, hysterical, and lacking the capacity to understand issues in society. This study used a sequential mixed-method strategy with two data collection methods to obtain the desired findings. Quantitative data collection using data crawling and Social Network Analysis (SNA) was necessary to identify K-Pop accounts that participated in digital activism on Twitter during the 2020 Omnibus Law protests. Subsequently, qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews conducted online and offline to analyze the trends of digital activism displayed by K-Pop accounts on Twitter in rejecting the Omnibus Law. Through this study, which is part of the research related to K-Poppers' digital activism in the #TolakOmnibusLaw action, we argue that the stereotype against fangirls is not proven. Through their fangirling accounts, they strategize to build awareness and solidarity among K-Pop fans and the wider public against the process and substance of the Omnibus Law that harms labor groups and other aspects of society. Their activism is based on their closeness to their conditions as workers and students who will also become workers in Indonesia.
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creator: Tiara Alya Mulyana
creator: Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tiara Alya Mulyana, Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 140
ending page: 153
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i1.28979

Descriptive analysis of the implementation of gender responsive policies for poverty alleviation in Aceh
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description: Women’s poverty in Aceh persists due to entrenched gender norms restricting their economic access and social welfare, despite the poverty alleviation efforts. Gender mainstreaming policies (GMP), initiated through Presidential Instruction No. 9/2000, remain ineffective due to weak institutional coordination, inadequate funding, and exclusion of women in planning. This qualitative study analyzes policy implementation via document reviews, observations, and interviews, revealing multidimensional challenges. Institutional fragmentation, short-term program focus, and financial constraints limit women’s empowerment. Women’s exclusion from policy planning further reduces program ownership and engagement. Field data underscore women’s undervalued economic roles in coastal and agricultural sectors. In fishing communities, women contribute to fish processing, while female coffee farmers in Bener Meriah manage harvesting and small businesses. However, restricted access to resources, credit, and decision-making stifles their potential. To address these gaps, the study advocates strengthening institutional collaboration, increasing gender-responsive budgets, and integrating women into planning and evaluation. Sustainable outcomes require prioritizing long-term strategies with robust monitoring. Enhancing resource access, financial support, and decision-making power for women is critical to reducing poverty and advancing gender equity. These reforms aim to transform policy frameworks into actionable, inclusive solutions, ensuring Aceh’s poverty alleviation efforts align with the needs and contributions of its women.
subject: Articles
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creator: Inayatillah Inayatillah
creator: Musdawati Musdawati
creator: Cut Dian Fitri
creator: Nelli Mardhiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Inayatillah, Musdawati, Cut Dian Fitri, Nelli Mardhiah
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 109
ending page: 121
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i1.28706

The social construction of beauty in the digital era: Gen z's interpretation of beauty standards in Jakarta
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description: This study aims to understand how Generation Z in Jakarta perceives beauty as constructed by social media, with a focus on beauty standards often shaped by homogeneous representations. These standards influence individuals' perceptions of beauty, which in turn shape their identity and self-image. This research employs Berger’s social construction theory to analyse how social media functions as a primary agent in shaping perceptions of beauty. A qualitative-descriptive approach is employed to explore the experiences and perceptions of Generation Z regarding these beauty standards. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and content analysis of social media. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, with a total of six people chosen as informants and actively consuming beauty content on social media. They come from diverse backgrounds to provide a more comprehensive perspective. The findings indicate that social media, particularly Instagram, plays a significant role in internalizing homogeneous beauty standards, such as fair skin and slim bodies. However, a growing resistance movement among Generation Z advocates for diversity and inclusivity in defining beauty. This study highlights the importance of critical education regarding the impact of social media on beauty perceptions and the need to introduce more diverse and unrestricted representations of beauty.
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creator: Diva Yens
creator: Nisa Haniatus Syuhada
creator: Wardah Rajaby
creator: Rizky Ahmad Fauzi
creator: Elok Putra
creator: Moh. Faiz Maulana
creator: Putri Lestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diva Yens, Nisa Haniatus Syuhada, Wardah Rajaby, Rizky Ahmad Fauzi, Elok Putra, Moh. Faiz Maulana, Putri Lestari
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 122
ending page: 139
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i1.28836

Unveiling the research landscape women and Islamic Sharia in Aceh: A bibliometric review through google scholar indexed journals
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description: Women have become a significant focus in the implementation of Islamic Sharia in Aceh in recent years. This paper examines the development of research on women in relation to Islamic Sharia in Aceh and maps the bibliometric relationships among articles published in Google Scholar-indexed journals from 2007 to 2023. Utilizing a quantitative method with a bibliometric approach, data was collected through a literature search using Harzing's Publish or Perish application. The analysis was conducted using the Vosviewer application, which visualizes network, overlay, and publication density aspects. The findings indicate a decline in studies on women and Islamic law by the end of 2023, with the peak publication year being 2022, which saw five articles, while only one article was published in 2023. From 2007 to 2023, a total of 22 research articles were identified, accumulating 232 citations. The most cited author during this period is Muhammad Ansor, with three articles and 93 citations. The Al-Jami'ah Journal and Analisa Journal were the leading publishers on this topic. The bibliometric relationship map revealed 163 items grouped into ten clusters, covering topics such as sharia regulations on Muslim dress, gambling, women's participation, and human rights up to 2012. In contrast, discussions from 2012 to 2022 shifted towards domestic violence, sexual violence, and protection. While subjects like sharia regulation and Muslim dress have been extensively researched, areas such as protection, human rights, and women's involvement remain underexplored.
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creator: Ruslan Ruslan
creator: Pungki Purnomo
creator: Mukhtaruddin Mukhtaruddin
creator: Nurrahmi Nurrahmi
creator: Asmadi Mohammed Ghazali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ruslan, Pungki Purnomo, Mukhtaruddin, Nurrahmi, Asmadi Mohammed Ghazali
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 84
ending page: 97
doi: 10.22373/equality.v11i1.28264